Energy Harvesting and Smart Wearable Technologies

Transition metal oxide electrocatalysts (TMOEs) are poised to revive grid‐scale all‐vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), while often inescapably harboring surface vacancies. The role of local vacancy‐induced physicochemical properties on vanadium‐redox electrochemistry, encompassing kinetics, and stability, remains profoundly unveiled. 

An atomic-scale polarization-functionalized Mn3O4-based catalyst for vanadium redox flow battery was developed for the first time. The findings shed light on the fundamental rules governing the utility and evolution of vacancy in transition metal oxide electrocatalysts, moving a step closer toward their deployment in a wide range of sustainable energy storage schemes.